Diabetic Foot Care

Insulin Education

This is Insulin Education for kids who have insulin pump

هبوط السكر

• ما هو هبوط السكر؟
• هو انخفاض مستوى السكر بالدم
• الهبوط = معدل السكر بالدم أقل من 4 ميلليمول(72مغ/دس)


أعراض هبوط السكر
• ضعف شديد
• رجفة
• توتر
• صداع
• جوع شديد
• خفقان القلب
• عرق بارد
• دوخة
• قلق

أسباب هبوط السكر

• اهمال الوجبة الرئيسية أو الخفيفة
• جرعة الانسولين زيادة
• عمل مجهود غير متوق
• الغثيان والاستفراغ

علاج هبوط السكر


الخطوة الاولى
 افحص السكر بالدم اذا امكن

 تناول فورا 4 مكعبات سكر
(او 4 اقراص جلوكوز )
 تناو ل نصف كوب من عصير الفاكهة ,أو مشروبات محلاة
 ملعقتين من عسل النحل.

هذا سيؤدي إلى ارتفاع السكر
بالدم خلال 10-15 دقيقة


انتظر من 10-15 دقيقة

اذا كنت لازلت تشعر بأعراض الهبوط بعد 10 دقائق من تناول هذه الأشياء فعليك تكرار ما فعلته سابقا

الخطوة الثانية
يجب ان تأخذ وجبة خفيفةتحتوي على كربوهيدرات
• سيؤدي ذلك إلى المحافظة على مستوى سكر الدم فترة أطول

إحدى هذة الوجبات
• 6 حبات من السكويت
• كوب من الحليب
• ساندويش
• حبة فاكهة

هام جدا
حاول التعرف على سبب الهبوط حتى تتجنب حدوثة مرة اخرى

DIABETES CENTER INFO

Dasman Diabetes Center adalah pusat penelitian dan pengobatan diabetes untuk seluruh kuwait yang berada dibawah naungan KFAS (Kuwait Fundation for Advancement of science)yang bekerjasama dengan ICL dan MOH untuk penelitian, pengobatan khususya pencegahan komplikasi diabetik yang saat ini Kuwait menduduki peringkat ke-3 dunia untuk penderita diabetes.

Saya telah bekerja kurang lebih selama 5 bulan di Dasman Diabetes Center,bayak sekali keuntungan yg telah saya dapatkan, selain ada gaji tambahan 150kd, tidak ada dinas malam, hari kamis& jumat libur,tapi jam kerja mulai 8.00 sampai 3.30, istirahat dua kali jam 10.00 dan jam 12.30 dan juga ilmu dan pengetahuan khususya tentang diabetik bertambah juga.

Untuk sementara waktu Dasman Diabetes Center belum bisa menerima pasien karena ada beberapa perangkat lunak&keras yang masih belum tersedia dan yang paling penting kita sedang menunggu kehadiran 3 orang yang akan menduduki jabatan penting yaitu untuk jabatan CEO,Medical Director dan IT, jadi kepada teman-teman yang punya kemampuan untuk menduduki jabatan itu segera melamar ke Dasman Center.

Dan untuk teman-teman perawat yang berada diKuwait khususnya yang mempunyai keahlian khusus seperti yang bekerja di bangsal Nephrology,Opthalmology,Urology dll dapat segera melamar,buruan kesempatan terbatas lho!!!hanya buat orang-orang yang beruntung saja.

Selamat mencoba....

wassalam,

DIABETES AND EXERCISE

Like everyone else,people with diabetes have different levels of physical fitness,some exercise regularly,others only sometimes,and many not at all an exercised body is a healthier body.
If possible,exercise should became a part of your dailly routin.
Physical activity can help you manage your weight,lower your blood sugar levels,and improve yuor strength and muscle tone.It can even help you cope with stress.
Heart,lungs,blood pressure,blood glucose,cholesterol,bowel-you name it-everything works better with a good exercise plan.
If you are diabetes client,exercise has a positive affect on how you balance your medication and food intake.

STEP ONE-PLAN
First you see doctor before making any change to your normal activity.

• With the help of your diabetes educator,plan an exercise routine that you will enjoy.
• Find yourself an exercise partner.Exercise is much more enjoyable when working out with someone else,and also serves as a motivation to stick to a program.
• Exercise can be as simple as a short walk,or working around the house or garden.

STEP TWO-KEEP IT SIMPLE
You will not need special or costly equipment and you will be able to easily fit your exercise schedule into your working day.Remember exercise can be as simple as taking daily walk for 30 minute.
Enroling in group exercise is a good way of not only getting your body in shape but also getting out and meeting people.
Exercise can be fun-but it can be boring-and that is when we start making exuse to skip a session,so take the time to think it through,and try diffrent form of exercise.Dancing,swimming,tennis and bowling are all fun thing to try.What key is to find something you enjoy.

STEP THREE-PACE YOUR SELF
How often you exercise is,of course up to you -but there are some guidlines obout getting the most benefit from what you are doing-in particular,exercise should be regular activity.
Not everyone can or want to exercise every day so it is important to start exercise program at the pace that you feel comfortable with and that you can maintain that level.
The rule of thumb for those starting a new program is to exercise three times per week on alternate days.However,if exercising only twice a week is more realistic to you,that is where you need to start.

STEP FOUR-IT IS NO OLYMPICS
Ideally we should exercise anywhere from 15 to 60 minutes at a time-depending on our level of fitness.If you can manage 15 minutes to start out with,that is very good.it does not have to be at the same level of intensity for entire period of time.

Just listen to your body and adjust the intensity to keep you going at comportable pace.A good way of measuring how hard you are working is to use ypur heart rate as an indicator.While everyone has a diffrent maximumheart rate,a good overall average has been calculated at 220 beats per minute.

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common form of diabetic eye disease but further complications such as cataracts and glaucoma also affect diabetic.all people having diabetes should have a dilated eye examination at least once every year.Diabetic retinophaty occurs when changes in blood glucose levels cause changes in retinal blood vessels.

RISK FACTOR OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

• High levels of blood glucose
• Hypertension
• High lipid profile levels
• Pregnancy
• Diabetic Kidney disease

The symptoms of each stage and how they present

1. Preclinical stage :in this stage are symptomless so they are not detected early.Without regular check of their blood sugar and opthalmic examination,they progress into more complicated stage.
2. Nonproliferative retinopathy :is condition in which the small capillaries in the retina break and cause macullar oedema.The fluid make maculla swell,causing blured vision.
3. Proliferative retinopathy:occur of the when demage to the retina causes new blood vessel grow abnormally.These vessels also bleed easily into the inner part of the eye causing blurred vision and dark spots that appear to the float in the vision and eventually destroy the retina.
4. Late proliferative retinopathy-severe visual loss is noticed and on examination.Retinal detachment may be noticed sometimes.More new blood vessel are seen in the retina.

THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

• VISUAL ACUITY TEST this eye chart measures how well you see at various distances
• DILATED EYE EXAM drops are put to dilate or widen the pupil to check retina for early sign of disease,which include leaking blood vessels,demage optic nerve tissue and any changes in the blood vessels in the eye.
• TONOMETRY an instrument which measures the pressure inside the eye-numbing drops may be applied prior.
• FLOURESCEIN ANGIOGRAM-to know the extent of diabetic retinopathy.The opthalmologist injects a special dye into a vein,when the dye reaches the retinal vein trough circulation,photographs show any leaking blood vessels.

TREATMENT FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

1. Laser photocoagulation to seal demaged or abnormal blood vessels and prevent them from leaking.
2. Virecomy is a surgical procedure that is perfomed to remove the clauded vitrues gel in the center of the eye.This treatment has a very high success rate for improving vision.

COMPLICATION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

• VTREOUS HAEMORRAGE
• TRACTION RETINAL DETACHMENT
• NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA

source:nursing orientation DDC;presented by SHIELA.

BODY MASS INDEX-BMI

EASY TIPS TO KNOW HIGH RISK OR NO HIGH RISK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES

• Body mass index(BMI) is height/weight formula used by health and weight professionals around the world to assess a person body weight
• BMI equals a person weight in kilograms devided by height in meter squared.Or: BMI=kg/m2.

BMI CLASSIFICATION

• UNDERWEIGHT<18.5
• NORMAL WEIGHT 18.5-24.9
• OVERWEIGHT 25-29.9
• OBESITY=>30
  
• EXTREME=>40

JUST CHECK YOUR BMI NOW!!!whether you include high risk for type 2 diabetes or NO.

From nursing orientation DDC:presented by ETNA.S